Mice made deficient in SP-A or SP-D by homologous recombination have an enhanced susceptibility to infection and inflammation induced by intratracheal administration of pathogens, including Group B Streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respiratory syncytial virus, Haemophilus influenza, and inflammatory agents such as LPS (reviewed in ref. SP-A and SP-D also regulate production of inflammatory mediators (reviewed in ref. The most well-defined function of the collectins is their ability to opsonize pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, and to facilitate phagocytosis by innate immune cells such as macrophages and monocytes. Figure adapted from an online article by N. SP-D consists of the tetrameric structural units assembled into an X-like structure. SP-A consists of 6 structural units, which are assembled into a “flower bouquet” formation. The CRDs bind carbohydrates such as those found on pathogen surfaces. SP-A and SP-D are members of the collectin family of oligomeric proteins, which have collagen-like N-terminal regions and C-type carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs). The C-type lectin domains are arrayed with spatial orientation ( 7) that confers unique carbohydrate specificities, and their preferential binding sites are nonhost oligosaccharides, such as those found on bacterial and viral surfaces ( 8). Collectins have in common an N-terminal collagen-like region and a C-terminal lectin domain that binds carbohydrates in a calcium-dependent manner (Figure (Figure1). Two of the surfactant proteins, SP-A and SP-D, are members of the collectin protein family ( 5, 6), which includes the liver-derived serum mannose binding lectin.
Second, surfactant plays a role in host defense against infection and inflammation ( 4). First, it reduces surface tension at the air-liquid interface of the lung, a function that requires an appropriate mix of surfactant lipids and the hydrophobic proteins, surfactant protein B (SP-B) and SP-C ( 3). Once in the extracellular space, surfactant carries out two distinct functions. Pulmonary surfactant is a lipoprotein complex that is synthesized and secreted by the alveolar type II epithelial cell and the airway Clara cell into the thin liquid layer that lines the epithelium (reviewed in ref. Don't forget, while a case keeps most of the outer surfaces safe from drops, be sure to get one of the best screen protectors for the Galaxy S22 Ultra to keep the display safe as well.Pulmonary surfactant and lung host defense If you prefer your protection less tank-like and more subtle, the Ringke Onyx and Incipio Duo both offer grip and security in more svelte packages. Or you can just grab a separate phone grip that doubles as a kickstand and call it a day. While Samsung itself makes a handful of quality cases for this phone, there are a ton of other options too. This phone is basically a mini-tablet being able to draw up notes, app feeds, or with a Zoom call, it comes in very handy very quickly. Speaking of functionality, even if kickstand cases aren't usually your jam, you might want to give them fresh consideration for the Galaxy S22 Ultra.
LIQUID DEFENSE CELL PHONE REVIEWS SERIES
Heavy-duty cases like the Poetic Spartan and ArmadilloTek CaseBorne R Series add in as much drop protection as they can, while still trying to meet the other needs of their users: functionality and visibility, in that order. It's not too bulky, it looks fantastic, and it adds a more than reasonable amount of protection to your S22 Ultra. With more mass means it falls with more force, so drop protection ends up being paramount for Galaxy S22 cases.įor most people, the Caseology Nano Pop is the perfect case.
LIQUID DEFENSE CELL PHONE REVIEWS ANDROID
The Galaxy S22 Ultra is one of the best Android phones, and is one of the largest and the heaviest of the S22 series. Why you need one of the best S22 Ultra cases You won't be able to ditch the cord and charge wirelessly, but at least you know your S22 Ultra will be super safe inside this cover. Let's not forget that the Damda Glide Hybrid cover is extremely rugged, with air cushions for bolstered shock-proofing and heavy-duty impact resistance all around. There's a kickstand affixed to the back of the semi-automatic sliding cover, and it works vertically as well as horizontally, for easier reading or watching. VRS Design's S22 Ultra case is extremely versatile. Impressively, it can fit four cards and cash in said slots, which is twice that of most competitors. There's a clever card slot case integrated into the back.
The VRS Design Damda Glide Hybrid case for the Galaxy S22 Ultra is thicker than most, but at least it puts the bulk to good use.
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